Collective functional sensitivity links ecological interactions to hysteresis under environmental change

The preserved Stage5B Q(A) data and network-level results are provided in Supplementary Data 1; analytical fold reconstruction in Supplementary Data 2; held-out validation in Supplementary Data 3; controlled feedback-threshold analyses in Supplementary Data 4–5; alternative coupling in Supplementary Data 6; Q_A/Q_AA counterfactuals in Supplementary Data 7; out-of-sample predictor comparison in Supplementary Data 8; independent-ensemble code and results in Supplementary Data 9; and scale, trajectory-separated, architecture-orthogonalized and global-trajectory analyses in Supplementary Data 10–13. Supplementary Data 9 contains the independent ensemble code and machine-readable outputs.