Selected standardized partial effect sizes of direct and indirect effects via light availability and soil moisture of fertilization or biomass removal on species richness and Shannon diversity with proposed interpretations.

Indirect effects were calculated by multiplying respective direct path coefficients. Direction of predicted (Pred) and observed (Obs) relationships are indicated as “pos.” if positive, “neu.” if neutral (if effect is smaller than +/- 0.005), and “neg.” if negative. Bold text indicates whether effect was found to be significant. For further information see S3 and S6 Tables.