seniruk/Near-Earth-Comets-Classification-dataset

---
license: apache-2.0
tags:
- nasa
- comets
- classification
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
---

# Hi, I’m Seniru Epasinghe 👋

I’m an AI undergraduate and an AI enthusiast, working on machine learning projects and open-source contributions.
I enjoy exploring AI pipelines, natural language processing, and building tools that make development easier.

## 🌐 Connect with me

[](https://huggingface.co/seniruk) &nbsp;&nbsp;
[](https://medium.com/@senirukepasinghe) &nbsp;&nbsp;
[](https://www.linkedin.com/in/seniru-epasinghe-b34b86232/) &nbsp;&nbsp;
[](https://github.com/seth2k2)

# Near-Earth Comets (NECs) Classification Dataset

- This repository provides an **open-source dataset** of Near‑Earth Comets
(NECs) and their classification as **Potentially Hazardous Asteroids
(PHAs)** or not, based on the standards defined by NASA/JPL CNEOS.

- The dataset covers observations from **1950 to 2025**

- This dataset was created to support: - Machine Learning / AI
**classification projects** - Risk assessments and orbital analysis -
Astronomy and astrophysics education - Research on PHA‑related orbital
characteristics

## **Column Descriptions**

| Column Name | Meaning |
|----------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| **Date** | Date of the dataset record. |
| **Neo Reference ID** | Unique identifier assigned by NASA/JPL for the object. |
| **Name** | Official or provisional designation of the Near-Earth Comet/Asteroid. |
| **Absolute Magnitude (H)** | Brightness of the object; used to estimate size. |
| **Estimated Diameter** (km, m, miles, feet) | Estimated physical size range in multiple units. |
| **Close Approach Date** | When the object made its close approach to Earth (or another body). |
| **Epoch Date — Close Approach** | Time reference used for orbital calculations during the close approach. |
| **Relative Velocity** (km/s, km/hr, mph) | Object's speed relative to Earth in multiple units. |
| **Miss Distance** (AU, LD, km, miles) | Distance by which the object missed Earth, in multiple units. |
| **Orbiting Body** | Celestial body the object approaches (e.g., Earth, Mars). |
| **Orbit ID** | Identifier of the orbit solution at that epoch. |
| **Orbit Determination Date** | When JPL finalized the orbital solution. |
| **Orbit Uncertainty** | Numerical uncertainty measure (0 = best, 9 = worst). |
| **Minimum Orbit Intersection Distance (MOID)** | Minimum distance between Earth's orbit and the object's orbit. |
| **Jupiter Tisserand Invariant** | Orbital classification parameter related to comet vs. asteroid dynamics. |
| **Epoch Osculation** | Timestamp for orbital element calculation. |
| **Eccentricity** | Orbit shape (0 = circular, 1 = parabolic). |
| **Semi-Major Axis** | Half of the longest dimension of the orbital ellipse. |
| **Inclination** | Tilt of the object's orbit relative to Earth's orbital plane. |
| **Ascending Node Longitude** | Where the object crosses the reference plane going northward. |
| **Orbital Period** | Time required to complete one orbit. |
| **Perihelion Distance** | Closest distance to the Sun. |
| **Perihelion Argument** | Angle describing orbit orientation. |
| **Aphelion Distance** | Furthest distance from the Sun. |
| **Perihelion Time** | When the object reaches perihelion. |
| **Mean Anomaly** | Angular position of the object in its orbit. |
| **Mean Motion** | Average orbital angular speed. |
| **Equinox** | Reference coordinate system epoch. |
| **Hazardous** | **TRUE** if it meets potentially hazardous asteroid (PHA) criteria. |

## References

- https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_query.html
- https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/about/neo_groups.html#:~:text=Potentially%20Hazardous%20Asteroids%3A%20NEAs%20whose,H)%20is%2022.0%20or%20brighter.

## License

This dataset is released as **open-source** under the Apache License.\
You may freely use it in academic, commercial, or private projects.