Dynamic changes in microbiome composition following mares milk intake for prevention of collateral antibiotic effect

Probiotics and prebiotics are widely used for recovery of the human gut microbiome after antibiotic treatment. We hypothesized that dry mares milk, which is rich in biologically active substances without containing live bacteria, can be used as a prebiotic in promoting microbial diversity following antibiotic treatment. The present study aims to determine the impacts of dry mares milk on the diversity of gut bacterial communities when administered during antibiotic treatment and throughout the subsequent recovery phase. Six children aged 4 to 5 years diagnosed with bilateral bronchopneumonia were prescribed cephalosporin antibiotics. During the 60 days of the study, three children consumed dry mares milk whereas the other three did not. Fecal samples were collected daily during antibiotic therapy and every 5 days after antibiotic therapy. Total DNA was isolated and taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome was analyzed by sequencing of the 16S rRNAgene (V1-V3 region). To evaluate the local immune status the MILLIPLEX MAP protocol was used. Mares milk treatment appears here to prevent the bloom of Mollicutes, while preventing the loss of Coriobacteriales. The complex immunological analysis reveals an effect of mares milk on local immune parameters under the present conditions.