Drawing the ocean: artistic representations of marine biodiversity engage more attention and aesthetic appeal than non-artistic photographs

Visual representations of marine ecosystems play a crucial role in shaping public awareness of biodiversity and the environmental challenges facing our oceans. The question of whether artistic depictions of marine biodiversity capture more attention and foster greater aesthetic appeal than non-artistic representations is particularly relevant in the context of environmental education. This study investigates the impact of different visual representation styles (19th-century naturalist drawings versus contemporary non-artistic underwater photographs) on visual attention and aesthetic reception. Two sets of images (naturalist drawings and photographs) were selected, each depicting comparable marine environments, species, and compositions. Fifty-eight participants, including both scuba divers and non-divers, viewed these images and their visual attention was examined by means of eye-tracking technology. Aesthetic reception was also assessed using a questionnaire. The findings suggest that naturalist drawings evoke more attention and curiosity, potentially enhancing the audience's connection to marine ecosystems, particularly for individuals who are unfamiliar with marine environments. This study emphasizes the role of art in fostering environmental awareness and conservation, proposing that artistic representations can serve as powerful tools to bridge the gap between ecological education and public engagement.