NOAA-Navy Sanctuary Soundscape Monitoring Project, Sei Whale Sound Production, Gray's Reef, SanctSound_GR02_02_seiwhale_1d

NOAA and the U.S. Navy are working to better understand underwater sound within the U.S. National Marine Sanctuary System. From 2018 to 2021, these agencies will work with numerous scientific partners to study sound within seven national marine sanctuaries and one marine national monument, which includes waters off Hawai'i and the east and west coasts. Standardized measurements will assess sounds produced by marine animals, physical processes (e.g., wind and waves), and human activities. Collectively, this information will help NOAA and the Navy measure sound levels and baseline acoustic conditions in sanctuaries. This work is a continuation of ongoing Navy and NOAA research, including efforts by NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries This dataset represents the derived products from the raw acoustic data that are archived at NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.
abstract=This record represents sei whale sound production detected from raw passive acoustic data. The Low Frequency Detection and Classification System (LFDCS) call library contains the 82 – 34 Hz sei whale downsweeps, which was the call type we focused on in this study. All sei whale downsweep detections with a Mahalanobis distance of 3.0 or less were manually screened for the daily presence of a doublet or triplet. Doublets and triplets were defined as 2 or 3 repeated downsweeps, respectively, with roughly 3.5 seconds elapsed between the start of successive calls. Sei whales were considered present if a true detection (at least one downsweep detected within a doublet or triplet) was found for that day. Only the occurrence of the downsweeps as doublet or triplets were selected to ensure confidence in species identification. These data were recorded at SanctSound Site GR02_02 between May 13, 2019 and September 23, 2019.
acknowledgement=This project received funding from the U.S. Navy.
cdm_data_type=TimeSeries
citation=Cite as: NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries and U.S Navy. 2021. Sei Whale Sound Production Recorded at SanctSound Site GR02_02, SanctSound Data Products. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Accessed [date]. DOI: https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.25921/7nbq-6h77
comment=Data quality: Quality data were recorded for the duration of the deployment save a gap in data from 2019-07-26 19:09:03 UTC to 2019-07-26 19:14:57 UTC. The fixed hydrophone mooring was impacted by Hurricane Dorian on September 4th, 2019, resulting in the hydrophone to be turned over and in contact with the seafloor. For the remainder of the deployment after 22:40:00 4-September-2019, sound levels (received levels) in frequencies above 1 kHz were reduced and may differ from what would be expected if the hydrophone mooring remained upright.

contributor_name=Simone Baumann-Pickering, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Leila Hatch, NOAA Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary; John Joseph, U.S. Naval Postgraduate School; Anke Kuegler, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa; Marc Lammers, NOAA Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary; Tetyana Margolina, U.S. Naval Postgraduate School; Karlina Merkens, NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Lindsey Peavey Reeves, NOAA Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary; Timothy Rowell, NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center; Jenni Stanley, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Alison Stimpert, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories; Sofie Van Parijs, NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center; Eden Zang,NOAA Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary
contributor_role=Principal Investigator
Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
featureType=TimeSeries
geospatial_bounds=POINT (31.376133 -80.839133)
history=All acoustic data were processed using the Low Frequency Detection and Classification System (LFDCS; Baumgartner and Mussoline, 2011), which creates conditioned spectrograms using a short-time Fourier transform with a data frame of 512 samples and 75% overlap (80% overlap for the 120 Hz decimated data (blue and fin whales)), resulting in a time step of 64 ms and frequency resolution of 3.9 Hz (for 120 Hz data: 853 ms time step and 0.23 Hz frequency resolution). After tracing contour lines, or “pitch tracks”, through tonal sounds, the program uses multivariate discriminant function analysis to classify the pitch tracks into species-specific call types based on a call library. Each detection is assigned a Mahalanobis distance (MD), which measures the deviation of a sound’s pitch track from the assigned call type (see Baumgartner and Mussoline (2011) for a more complete description). A lower MD indicates a closer match to the assigned call type. For a well-developed call type in the LFDCS (i.e., the seven attributes used in the discriminant function analysis are multivariate normal), 75% of pitch-tracks for the call type will have a MD of 3.0 or less (Baumgartner et al., 2013). Setting a MD threshold is necessary to minimize the false detection rates, but in doing so causes some true detections to be missed in the analysis. The MD threshold of 3.0 was chosen for all vocalizations detected and classified in the humpback, sei, and fin whale call library. However, for blue whales, false detection rates were lower than any of the other species, thus a MD of 5.0 was chosen to decrease the probability of missing true detections. All LFDCS detections were manually reviewed by trained acoustic analysts to determine daily presence of each of the four baleen whale species. A true detection was defined as a pitch track that correctly classified a call or song unit to the species that produced it (Bonnell et al., 2016). Given the variability of each species' call type, the specific methodology to determine daily acoustic presence was different for each species. The LFDCS call library contains the 82 – 34 Hz sei whale downsweeps, which was the call type we focused on in this study. All sei whale downsweep detections with a MD of 3.0 or less were manually screened for the daily presence of a doublet or triplet. Doublets and triplets were defined as 2 or 3 repeated downsweeps, respectively, with roughly 3.5 seconds elapsed between the start of successive calls. Sei whales were considered present if a true detection (at least one downsweep detected within a doublet or triplet) was found for that day. Only the occurrence of the downsweeps as doublet or triplets were selected to ensure confidence in species identification. Data were processed with LFDCS
id=http://doi.org/10.25921/7nbq-6h77
infoUrl=https://ncei.noaa.gov
institution=NOAA
instrument=SoundTrap ST500
keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords
naming_authority=NOAA-Navy
project=NOAA-Navy Sanctuary Soundscape Monitoring Project
sourceUrl=(local files)
standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v55

{'abstract': '国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）及美国海军正致力于深化对美国国家海洋保护区系统内水下声音的理解。自2018年至2021年，这些机构将与众多科学合作伙伴合作，研究七个国家海洋保护区及一个海洋国家纪念地内的声音，包括夏威夷及东西海岸附近海域。标准化的测量将评估海洋动物、物理过程（例如，风和波浪）以及人类活动产生的声音。这些信息的综合将有助于NOAA和海军测量保护区内的声音水平和基线声学条件。这项工作是对海军和NOAA持续研究的延续，包括国家海洋保护区办公室的努力。本数据集代表了存档于NOAA国家环境信息中心的原始声学数据的派生产品。', 'acknowledgement': '本项研究获得美国海军的资助。', 'cdm_data_type': '时间序列', 'citation': '引用格式：NOAA国家海洋保护区办公室和美国海军。2021年。在SanctSound站点GR02_02记录的座头鲸声音生产，SanctSound数据产品。NOAA国家环境信息中心。访问日期。[DOI：https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.25921/7nbq-6h77]', 'comment': '数据质量：在部署期间记录了高质量数据，除2019年7月26日19:09:03 UTC至19:14:57 UTC的数据缺失外。固定式水听器浮标于2019年9月4日受到飓风多里安的影响，导致水听器翻倒并与海底接触。从2019年9月4日22:40:00起，部署剩余期间1 kHz以上频率的声音水平（接收水平）降低，可能与水听器浮标保持直立时的预期值不同。', 'contributor_name': 'Simone Baumann-Pickering，斯克里普斯海洋研究所；Leila Hatch，NOAA Stellwagen Bank国家海洋保护区；John Joseph，美国海军研究生院；Anke Kuegler，夏威夷大学海洋生物学研究所；Marc Lammers，NOAA夏威夷群岛座头鲸国家海洋保护区；Tetyana Margolina，美国海军研究生院；Karlina Merkens，NOAA太平洋岛屿渔业科学中心；Lindsey Peavey Reeves，NOAA Channel Islands国家海洋保护区；Timothy Rowell，NOAA东北渔业科学中心；Jenni Stanley，伍兹霍尔海洋研究所；Alison Stimpert，莫斯兰丁海洋实验室；Sofie Van Parijs，NOAA东北渔业科学中心；Eden Zang，NOAA夏威夷群岛座头鲸国家海洋保护区', 'contributor_role': '主要研究员', 'Conventions': 'COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3', 'featureType': '时间序列', 'geospatial_bounds': '点(31.376133 -80.839133)', 'history': '所有声学数据均使用低频检测与分类系统（LFDCS；Baumgartner和Mussoline，2011）进行处理，该系统通过短时傅里叶变换创建条件谱图，数据帧为512个样本，重叠率为75%（对于120 Hz降采样的数据（蓝鲸和逆戟鲸）为80%重叠），从而实现64毫秒的时间步长和3.9 Hz的频率分辨率（对于120 Hz数据：853 ms时间步长和0.23 Hz频率分辨率）。通过在音调声音中追踪轮廓线或“音调轨迹”，程序使用多元判别函数分析将音调轨迹分类为特定于物种的叫声类型，基于叫声库。每个检测都被分配一个马氏距离（MD），它衡量声音音调轨迹与分配的叫声类型的偏差（参见Baumgartner和Mussoline（2011）以获得更完整的描述）。MD值越低，表示与分配的叫声类型的匹配度越高。对于LFDCS中良好发展的叫声类型（即，用于判别函数分析的七个属性是多变量正态分布的），该叫声类型的75%音调轨迹将具有3.0或更低的MD值（Baumgartner等人，2013年）。设置MD阈值对于最小化误检率是必要的，但这样做会导致分析中遗漏一些真实检测。对所有检测到的叫声和分类的叫声选择MD阈值为3.0，以确保物种识别的置信度。对于蓝鲸，误检率低于其他任何物种，因此选择了MD阈值为5.0以降低遗漏真实检测的概率。所有LFDCS检测均由经过培训的声学分析师手动审查，以确定四种须鲸物种的每日存在情况。真实检测被定义为正确将叫声或歌曲单元分类到产生该叫声的物种的音调轨迹（Bonnell等人，2016年）。考虑到每种物种叫声类型的可变性，确定每日声学存在的方法对于每种物种都是不同的。LFDCS叫声库包含82-34 Hz座头鲸下冲波，这是我们研究关注的叫声类型。所有MD值3.0或更低的座头鲸下冲波检测均手动筛选，以确定每日双冲或三冲的存在。双冲和三冲分别定义为2个或3个重复的下冲波，连续叫声开始之间大约有3.5秒的间隔。如果当天发现至少一个下冲波在双冲或三冲内被检测到，则认为座头鲸存在。仅选择作为双冲或三冲出现的下冲波，以确保物种识别的置信度。数据使用LFDCS进行处理。', 'id': 'http://doi.org/10.25921/7nbq-6h77', 'infoUrl': 'https://ncei.noaa.gov', 'institution': 'NOAA', 'instrument': 'SoundTrap ST500', 'keywords_vocabulary': 'GCMD科学关键词', 'naming_authority': 'NOAA-Navy', 'project': 'NOAA-Navy自然保护区声音景观监测项目', 'sourceUrl': '(本地文件)', 'standard_name_vocabulary': 'CF标准名称表v55'}