allenai/quoref

---
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
language:
- en
language_creators:
- found
license:
- cc-by-4.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
pretty_name: Quoref
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- question-answering
task_ids: []
paperswithcode_id: quoref
tags:
- coreference-resolution
dataset_info:
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: context
dtype: string
- name: title
dtype: string
- name: url
dtype: string
- name: answers
sequence:
- name: answer_start
dtype: int32
- name: text
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 44377729
num_examples: 19399
- name: validation
num_bytes: 5442031
num_examples: 2418
download_size: 5078438
dataset_size: 49819760
---

# Dataset Card for "quoref"

## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)

## Dataset Description

- **Homepage:** https://allenai.org/data/quoref
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [Quoref: A Reading Comprehension Dataset with Questions Requiring Coreferential Reasoning](https://aclanthology.org/D19-1606/)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 5.08 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 49.82 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 54.90 MB

### Dataset Summary

Quoref is a QA dataset which tests the coreferential reasoning capability of reading comprehension systems. In this
span-selection benchmark containing 24K questions over 4.7K paragraphs from Wikipedia, a system must resolve hard
coreferences before selecting the appropriate span(s) in the paragraphs for answering questions.

### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Languages

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## Dataset Structure

### Data Instances

#### default

- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 5.08 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 49.82 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 54.90 MB

An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:

{
"answers": {
"answer_start": [1633],
"text": ["Frankie"]
},
"context": "\"Frankie Bono, a mentally disturbed hitman from Cleveland, comes back to his hometown in New York City during Christmas week to ...",
"id": "bfc3b34d6b7e73c0bd82a009db12e9ce196b53e6",
"question": "What is the first name of the person who has until New Year's Eve to perform a hit?",
"title": "Blast of Silence",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blast_of_Silence"
}
```

### Data Fields

The data fields are the same among all splits.

#### default
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `context`: a `string` feature.
- `title`: a `string` feature.
- `url`: a `string` feature.
- `answers`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `answer_start`: a `int32` feature.
- `text`: a `string` feature.

### Data Splits

| name |train|validation|
|-------|----:|---------:|
|default|19399| 2418|

## Dataset Creation

### Curation Rationale

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Source Data

#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

#### Who are the source language producers?

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Annotations

#### Annotation process

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

#### Who are the annotators?

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Personal and Sensitive Information

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## Considerations for Using the Data

### Social Impact of Dataset

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Discussion of Biases

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Other Known Limitations

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## Additional Information

### Dataset Curators

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Licensing Information

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Citation Information

```
@article{allenai:quoref,
author = {Pradeep Dasigi and Nelson F. Liu and Ana Marasovic and Noah A. Smith and Matt Gardner},
title = {Quoref: A Reading Comprehension Dataset with Questions Requiring Coreferential Reasoning},
journal = {arXiv:1908.05803v2 },
year = {2019},
}

```

### Contributions

Thanks to [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset.

annotations_creators:
- 众包
language:
- 英语
language_creators:
- 现有文本采集
license:
- 知识共享署名4.0（CC-BY-4.0）
multilinguality:
- 单语言
pretty_name: Quoref
size_categories:
- 10000 < 样本数 < 100000
source_datasets:
- 原创数据集
task_categories:
- 问答（question-answering）
task_ids:
- 无
paperswithcode_id: quoref
tags:
- 共指消解（coreferential-resolution）
dataset_info:
features:
- name: id
dtype: 字符串
- name: question
dtype: 字符串
- name: context
dtype: 字符串
- name: title
dtype: 字符串
- name: url
dtype: 字符串
- name: answers
sequence:
- name: answer_start
dtype: int32
- name: text
dtype: 字符串
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 44377729
num_examples: 19399
- name: validation
num_bytes: 5442031
num_examples: 2418
download_size: 5078438
dataset_size: 49819760

# 数据集卡片：Quoref

## 目录
- [数据集描述](#dataset-description)
- [数据集摘要](#dataset-summary)
- [支持任务与基准排行榜](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [语言](#languages)
- [数据集结构](#dataset-structure)
- [数据实例](#data-instances)
- [数据字段](#data-fields)
- [数据划分](#data-splits)
- [数据集构建](#dataset-creation)
- [构建初衷](#curation-rationale)
- [源数据](#source-data)
- [注释流程](#annotations)
- [个人与敏感信息](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [数据集使用注意事项](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [数据集的社会影响](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [偏差讨论](#discussion-of-biases)
- [其他已知局限](#other-known-limitations)
- [附加信息](#additional-information)
- [数据集维护者](#dataset-curators)
- [许可信息](#licensing-information)
- [引用信息](#citation-information)
- [贡献者](#contributions)

## 数据集描述
- **主页**：https://allenai.org/data/quoref
- **仓库**：[更多信息请参见](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **论文**：[Quoref: A Reading Comprehension Dataset with Questions Requiring Coreferential Reasoning](https://aclanthology.org/D19-1606/)
- **联系方式**：[更多信息请参见](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **下载数据集文件大小**：5.08 MB
- **生成后的数据集大小**：49.82 MB
- **总磁盘占用空间**：54.90 MB

### 数据集摘要
Quoref是一款用于评估阅读理解系统共指推理能力的问答（QA）数据集。该跨度选择基准测试集包含来自维基百科的4.7千段文本，共衍生出2.4万个问题，系统需先解决复杂共指问题，才能在段落中选取恰当的跨度来回答对应问题。

### 支持任务与基准排行榜
[更多信息请参见](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### 语言
[更多信息请参见](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## 数据集结构
### 数据实例
#### 默认配置
- **下载数据集文件大小**：5.08 MB
- **生成后的数据集大小**：49.82 MB
- **总磁盘占用空间**：54.90 MB

以下是`validation`划分的一个示例（内容过长已裁剪）：

{
"answers": {
"answer_start": [1633],
"text": ["Frankie"]
},
"context": ""Frankie Bono, a mentally disturbed hitman from Cleveland, comes back to his hometown in New York City during Christmas week to ...",
"id": "bfc3b34d6b7e73c0bd82a009db12e9ce196b53e6",
"question": "What is the first name of the person who has until New Year's Eve to perform a hit?",
"title": "Blast of silence",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blast_of_Silence"
}

### 数据字段
所有划分的数据字段格式一致。
#### 默认配置
- `id`：字符串类型特征。
- `question`：字符串类型特征。
- `context`：字符串类型特征。
- `title`：字符串类型特征。
- `url`：字符串类型特征。
- `answers`：字典类型特征，包含：
- `answer_start`：int32类型特征。
- `text`：字符串类型特征。

### 数据划分
| 划分名称 | 训练集样本数 | 验证集样本数 |
|---------|-------------:|------------:|
| 默认配置 | 19399 | 2418 |

## 数据集构建
### 构建初衷
[更多信息请参见](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### 源数据
#### 初始数据收集与标准化
[更多信息请参见](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

#### 源语言数据生产者
[更多信息请参见](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### 注释流程
#### 注释过程
[更多信息请参见](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

#### 注释者
[更多信息请参见](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### 个人与敏感信息
[更多信息请参见](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## 数据集使用注意事项
### 数据集的社会影响
[更多信息请参见](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### 偏差讨论
[更多信息请参见](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### 其他已知局限
[更多信息请参见](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## 附加信息
### 数据集维护者
[更多信息请参见](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### 许可信息
[更多信息请参见](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### 引用信息

@article{allenai:quoref,
author = {Pradeep Dasigi and Nelson F. Liu and Ana Marasovic and Noah A. Smith and Matt Gardner},
title = {Quoref: A Reading Comprehension Dataset with Questions Requiring Coreferential Reasoning},
journal = {arXiv:1908.05803v2 },
year = {2019},
}

### 贡献者
感谢[@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun)、[@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten)、[@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) 添加此数据集。

原始信息汇总

数据集概述

名称: Quoref

语言: 英语 (en)

许可证: CC-BY-4.0

多语言性: 单语

大小: 10K<n<100K

来源: 原始数据

任务类别: 问答

标签: 指代消解

数据集结构

数据实例

• id: 字符串
• question: 字符串
• context: 字符串
• title: 字符串
• url: 字符串
• answers: 字典，包含:
  • answer_start: 整数
  • text: 字符串

数据分割

名称	训练	验证
默认	19399	2418

数据集创建

注释创建者: 众包

论文: Quoref: A Reading Comprehension Dataset with Questions Requiring Coreferential Reasoning

引用信息:

@article{allenai:quoref, author = {Pradeep Dasigi and Nelson F. Liu and Ana Marasovic and Noah A. Smith and Matt Gardner}, title = {Quoref: A Reading Comprehension Dataset with Questions Requiring Coreferential Reasoning}, journal = {arXiv:1908.05803v2 }, year = {2019}, }

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

Quoref是一个英语问答数据集，包含24K问题和4.7K维基百科段落，专门用于测试阅读理解系统的共指推理能力。该数据集采用CC-BY-4.0许可证，主要任务为跨度选择基准测试，需要系统在回答问题前解决困难的共指问题。