Supporting data for "Chromosome-level genome and the identification of sex chromosomes in <i>Uloborus diversus</i>"

The orb-web is a remarkable example of animal architecture that is observed in families of spiders that diverged over 200 million years ago. While several genomes exist for Araneid orb-weavers, none exist for other orb-weaving families, hampering efforts to investigate the genetic basis of this complex behavior. Here we present a chromosome-level genome assembly for the cribellate orb-weaving spider <i>Uloborus diversus</i>. The assembly reinforces evidence of an ancient arachnid genome duplication and identifies complete open reading frames for every class of spidroin gene, which encode the proteins that are the key structural components of spider silks. We identified the two X chromosomes for <i>U<em>. </em>diversus</i> and identify candidate sex-determining genes. This chromosome-level assembly will be a valuable resource for evolutionary research into the origins of orb-weaving, spidroin evolution, chromosomal rearrangement, and chromosomal sex-determination in spiders.圆蛛网（orb-web）是动物建筑的杰出范例，该结构存在于分化于2亿多年前的多个蜘蛛科类群中。尽管目前已有园蛛科（Araneidae）圆网蛛的多份基因组数据，但其他结圆网蜘蛛类群的基因组数据仍付阙如，这极大阻碍了针对该复杂行为遗传基础的研究工作。本研究报道了具筛器结圆网蜘蛛——多变妩蛛（Uloborus diversus）的染色体级基因组组装结果。该组装结果进一步佐证了蛛形纲动物曾发生过一次古老的全基因组复制事件，并鉴定出所有类别蛛丝蛋白基因（spidroin gene）的完整开放阅读框（open reading frame）——这类基因编码的蛋白质是蜘蛛丝的核心结构组分。本研究鉴定出多变妩蛛的两条X染色体，并筛选出候选性别决定基因。该染色体级基因组组装将成为研究蜘蛛结圆网行为起源、蛛丝蛋白进化、染色体重排以及染色体性别决定机制的宝贵科研资源。