UFG-Sunway Computational Thinking Data Source

The  unplugged CT activities effectively enhance CT skills and programming skills, as evidenced by significant improvements in puzzle-solving, problem-solving, and programming concepts questions. This is particularly valuable for low-resourced communities, as unplugged approaches provide accessible pathways for skill development without the need for advanced technology. There are no significant differences between the achievements of the two countries. Indicating that the intervention worked seemingly well for two different contexts.This study investigates the effectiveness of unplugged Computational Thinking (CT) activities implemented in two different countries, Malaysia and El Salvador, using the 3Ps framework: Puzzle, Problem-Solving, and Programming. The research employed a pre-test and post-test design, with data analyzed using nonparametric statistical methods due to non-normality. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test assessed the intervention's effectiveness, while the Mann-Whitney U test compared independent groups, such as gender and country. Additionally, the Spearman\u2019s rho test was used to explore correlations between positive emotions and post-test performance. However, gender disparities were observed in the pre-test, with females scoring significantly lower in problem-solving and males in programming. Post-intervention, these differences were no longer significant, demonstrating the intervention's success in reducing the initial gender gap. Additionally, while interest positively correlates with puzzle-solving performance, emotions played a limited role in structured tasks such as problem-solving and programming. Future research should explore the long-term impact of unplugged CT activities across diverse student groups. A sustained approach is essential to nurture CT and programming skills among young learners, addressing the growing demand for future talent in the digital economy.