Supplementary Material for: Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma metastasized to the mesentery. Case Report

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PHNECs) are extremely rare, with only about 90 cases having been reported in the English-language literature. Among all Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NENs), primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are extremely rare, accounting for 0.3% of NETs and 0.28–0.46% of malignant liver tumors. Additionally, primary hepatic NECs occur infrequently. The clinical diagnosis of primary hepatic NEC remains challenging because of its rarity and the lack of information about its characteristic appearance on images. Consequently, pathological examination through the performance of a preoperative liver tumor biopsy is essential for diagnosis. Due to the lack of availability of substantial high-quality data, there is no standard therapy for primary hepatic NEC. We present the first case of Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma metastasized to the mesentery reported in the English-language literature.