Table1_A Scoping Review of Augmented/Virtual Reality Health and Wellbeing Interventions for Older Adults: Redefining Immersive Virtual Reality.DOCX

Augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) technologies are regularly used in psychology research to complement psychological interventions and to enable an individual to feel as if they are in an environment other than that of their immediate surroundings. A scoping review was performed to identify how AR/VR was being used with older adult populations to impact their physical and mental health. The review also sought to determine whether the terminology used in AR/VR research was consistent. The results show that 65 studies have been published in the last 20 years that meet the inclusion criteria (virtual/augmented reality) technology to impact older adults’ physical/mental health and wellbeing. Participants included healthy, physically, and cognitively impaired, and emotionally vulnerable older adults. We argue that over 70% of the studies included in this review were mislabeled as VR and only six papers included fully immersive VR/AR. The remaining studies use less immersive variants of virtual reality with their populations, and only one study made use of AR, which prompted the suggestion of a new definition for virtual reality. This paper also calls for an updated taxonomy of augmented and virtual reality definitions to address the lack of consistency found in studies that identify themselves as AR/VR when they are using less immersive technical set-ups, including displaying non-interactive videos on 2D screens.

增强现实与虚拟现实（AR/VR）技术频繁应用于心理学研究领域，旨在辅助心理干预，并使个体仿佛置身于除其周边环境之外的情境之中。本研究范围综述旨在明确AR/VR技术在老年人群中的应用方式及其对身心健康的影响。此外，该综述还旨在确定AR/VR研究中使用的术语是否具有一致性。研究结果表明，在过去20年间，共有65项研究符合纳入标准（虚拟/增强现实技术影响老年人的生理/心理健康及福祉）。研究对象包括健康、生理和认知受损，以及情绪脆弱的老年人群。我们认为，超过70%的纳入本综述的研究被错误地标记为VR，仅有六篇论文完全采用了沉浸式VR/AR。其余研究使用了较低沉浸度的虚拟现实变体，而仅有的一项研究采用了增强现实，这促使我们提出对虚拟现实的新定义。本文还呼吁更新增强现实与虚拟现实定义的分类法，以解决在研究自我标榜为AR/VR，却使用较低沉浸度技术设置（包括在二维屏幕上展示非交互式视频）时发现的术语不一致性问题。