P-values for pairwise group comparisons on brain morphological shape and fractional anisotropy within each brain region listed in Table 3.

Abbreviations: LG – lingual gyrus; PCR – posterior corona radiata; GP – globus pallidus; ALIC – anterior limb of internal capsule; CC – corpus callosum.Model 1: deformation ∼ ethnicity + post-gestational age + body weight on the MRI day; FA ∼ ethnicity + post-gestational age;Model 2: deformation ∼ ethnicity + post-gestational age + body weight on the MRI day + household income; FA ∼ ethnicity + post-gestational age + household income;Model 3: deformation ∼ ethnicity + post-gestational age + body weight on the MRI day + prenatal tobacco exposure FA ∼ ethnicity + post-gestational age + prenatal tobacco exposure.*group difference at the significance level of 0.0083 (0.05/6; Bonferroni correction for multiple ROIs).- analysis was not performed since no group difference was found using model 1. The significance level was chosen as 0.05/6 to correct for multiple comparisons.