Alteration of gene expression upon HSV1, SFV, VV, adenovirus, and non-infectious mCMV in primary macrophages.

(A) Heat map of expression levels of a set of genes after 24 h mock treatment, infection with Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1), Semliki forest virus (SFV), Vaccinia virus (VV), or Adenovirus (Ad) in BMDM (Text S1). Genes represent the innate immunity activation, the MHC class II antigen presentation, and the cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis. Each square represents a single biological replicate. Fold changes of expression levels are represented on a Log2 scale compared to mock-treated cells, ranging from a 0.4× lower expression (dark blue) to a 1.6× higher expression (bright yellow). (B) Expression analysis measured by qRT-PCR of Hmgcs1, Hmgcr, Idi1, and Sqle genes in BMDM after 24 h mock treatment, mCMV, or mCMVdie3 infection, respectively. Graphs show the level of expression of the indicated genes relative to mock-treated samples and bars represent mean ± SD of two independent experiments with triplicate biological measurements for each experiment. (C) BMDM were infected with mCMV or mock treated, and supernatant was collected after 8 h and directly added to fresh BMDM. After 24 h, RNA from these cultures was collected and Hmgcs1, Hmgcr, and Sqle expression were measured by qRT-PCR. To test for the presence of any detectable virus, an aliquot of the supernatant was used to perform a standard plaque assay (no infectious virus detected, unpublished data). Graphs show the level of expression of the indicated genes relative to mock-treated samples and bars represent means ± SD of three independent experiments with triplicate biological measurements for each experiment. *pppt test.