Genome-wide Screening for Regulators of Degradation of Insulin Secretory Granules with a Fluorescent Reporter

Insulin is essential in controlling blood glucose levels, and its synthesis and secretion have been well investigated. In contrast, how insulin secretory granules (ISGs) are degraded in pancreatic beta cells remains largely unknown. To clarify the mechanism, we constructed a fluorescent reporter detecting ISG degradation, where EGFP and mCherry are tandemly conjugated to a cytoplasmic lesion of ZnT8, an ISG membrane-localized protein. Depletion of serum and amino acid stimulated lysosomal ISG degradation detected with the reporter. Next, with MIN6 cells expressing Cas9 and the reporter, we investigated the involvement of conventional Atg5/7-dependent autophagy to show that it is irrelevant to the ISG degradation process. Finally, we performed genome-wide screening by enriching the cells lacking the ISG degradation and showed that pathways regulating autophagy are not identified. These results suggest that alternative regulation of autophagy, instead of conventional autophagy, may be involved in ISG degradation.