Male vampire bats involved in the natural rabies outbreak, from Dec 10, 2018–Jan 30, 2019 (n = 17).

All were housed together with the index case (bat #576). Bats were initially assigned to treatment groups based on the detection of RVNA at the baseline timepoint (obtained on Nov 2, 2018). A blood sample was obtained from most bats to determine RVNA titers approximately 25–30 days after the index bat died and in surviving bats 52 days after the index case. RVNA are expressed in IU/mL. Bats surviving the natural outbreak were challenged with cRABV on April 25, 2019, and only data from those bats are included in analyses for this study.