Alterations in Gut Microbiome-Host Relationships Induced by Immune Perturbation with B cell depletion in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Human stool

In this study, we explored the interactions between host IgA and gut microbiota in newly diagnosed MS patients who had not yet undergone any prior disease-modifying, immunomodulatory treatments. We then investigated how anti-CD20, B-cell-depleting immunotherapies impact the host-microbiome interactions over time. Our findings revealed a significant disruption in the host-microbe interface at the onset of clinical disease, particularly in the engagement between microbial antigens and IgA. Following the administration of B-cell-depleting therapies, we observed a re-emergence of IgA coating patterns that align more closely with those observed in healthy individuals.