Differences in protein expression, at the basal state and at 2 h of insulin infusion, in muscle biopsies from healthy Arab men with high or low insulin sensitivity measured by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp.

Insulin resistance is defined as reduced response of insulin target tissues to the biological action of insulin. Insulin resistance is a core defect in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and it is the earliest metabolic defect detected in subjects destined to develop T2DM. In response to insulin resistance, the beta cell augments its insulin secretion and the compensatory hyperinsulinemia maintains the normal glucose tolerance. As long as the beta cell is capable of increasing its insulin secretion to compensate for insulin resistance, the normal glucose tolerance is maintained. Thus, hyperinsulinemia is a key feature of the insulin resistant state in non-diabetic individuals.