农林废弃生物质生物炼制关键科学问题的研究
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1.农林废弃生物质预处理 利用改良SPORL法在一定的酸性条件下预处理生物质，使部分半纤维素溶出的同时木质素被磺化并溶出，再通过物理力增加生物质表面积，明显提高了酶解糖化效率，减少了发酵抑制物。此外，筛选开发了自带介质漆酶氧化木质素的生物质预处理体系，既提高了漆酶在酶解木质纤维素时的选择性，又解决了漆酶添加介质所需的高成本问题。这两类生物质预处理方法，在节省成本、有效提高糖的转化率方面都得到了突破性进展。 2.农林废弃生物质组分分离 探索了禾草类农业废弃物经DMSO/LiCl溶剂体系预处理后，细胞壁成分的溶出规律 通过溶解再生和逐级分离的手段，得到了高得率、高纯度的禾草类木质素。探讨了NaOH/尿素/硫脲体系下不同预处理程度生物质的溶解和再生规律，对木质纤维素的逐级分离和改性提供了低成本、高效率的方法 探索了各类农林废弃生物质原料在相分离条件下转化的特点，相分离后木质素分子结构可以多步调控、改变尺寸和分子结构特征，碳水化合物可以水解发酵。以上三类溶解体系，均具有全溶、低成本、可再生、绿色环保的特点。 3.全组分利用为目标的生物炼制体系 研究了禾草类高温加压复合有机酸法生物炼制的最佳工艺 开发了禾草类生物制浆无元素氯和全无氯漂白技术，获得了两种优质的纸浆 同时对禾草类复合有机酸法生物炼制废液化学组成特性进行了研究，制备了纯度85%以上的木质素和半纤维素，研究了能循环回用复合有机溶剂的方法。这是针对生物质原料高效全组分分离、转化与利用的系统性成套技术，对农林废弃物有机酸法生物炼制技术的工业化具有重要的理论意义和指导价值。
1. Pretreatment of Agricultural and Forestry Waste Biomass: Biomass was pretreated under acidic conditions using a modified SPORL method, which enabled partial dissolution of hemicellulose while lignin was sulfonated and dissolved. Subsequently, physical force was applied to increase the surface area of the biomass, significantly improving enzymatic saccharification efficiency and reducing fermentation inhibitors. Additionally, a biomass pretreatment system with laccase-mediated lignin oxidation (with built-in media) was screened and developed, which not only improved the selectivity of laccase in the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose but also solved the high cost problem caused by the need for laccase addition media. These two types of biomass pretreatment methods have achieved breakthrough progress in cost savings and effectively improving sugar conversion rate. 2. Component Separation of Agricultural and Forestry Waste Biomass: The dissolution law of cell wall components of gramineous agricultural wastes after pretreatment with DMSO/LiCl solvent system was explored. High-yield and high-purity gramineous lignin was obtained through dissolution-regeneration and stepwise separation methods. The dissolution and regeneration laws of biomass with different pretreatment degrees under NaOH/urea/thiourea system were discussed, providing a low-cost and high-efficiency method for the stepwise separation and modification of lignocellulose. The transformation characteristics of various agricultural and forestry waste biomass materials under phase separation conditions were explored. After phase separation, the molecular structure of lignin can be regulated in multiple steps, with its size and molecular structural features altered, while carbohydrates can be hydrolyzed and fermented. All three types of dissolution systems above have the characteristics of complete dissolution, low cost, renewability and environmental friendliness. 3. Biorefinery System Targeting Full Component Utilization: The optimal process of high-temperature and high-pressure composite organic acid biorefinery for gramineous materials was studied. Elemental chlorine-free and totally chlorine-free bleaching technologies for gramineous biological pulping were developed, obtaining two high-quality pulps. Meanwhile, the chemical composition characteristics of the waste liquid from gramineous composite organic acid biorefinery were studied, lignin and hemicellulose with a purity of over 85% were prepared, and methods for recycling the composite organic solvent were investigated. This is a systematic and complete technology targeting efficient full-component separation, conversion and utilization of biomass raw materials, which has important theoretical significance and guiding value for the industrialization of organic acid biorefinery technology for agricultural and forestry wastes.
