发乎情, 止乎虑？道德认知倾向对中学生欺凌旁观者行为的影响

The behavior of bystanders in adolescent bullying directly affects the continuation or cessation of bullying in schools. However, existing research often combines different types of bystander behavior, which may obscure the underlying psychological mechanisms behind these behaviors. This paper systematically examines the impact of moral cognitive tendencies on different types of bystander behavior in adolescent bullying through three studies (N = 947). (1) Study 1 found that individuals with moral identification were more likely to engage in proactive bystander behavior, while those with moral disengagement were more likely to engage in passive bystander behavior. (2) Studies 2 and 3, using causal chain experimental designs and mediating measurements, jointly demonstrate that moral identification predicts proactive bystander behavior through a partial mediation of empathy and positive outcome expectations. In contrast, moral disengagement predicts passive bystander behavior through a full mediation of negative outcome expectations and suppressed empathy. This research expands the perspective on bystander behavior in adolescent bullying, revealing the differentiated psychological pathways behind different types of bystander behavior. It provides valuable insights for constructing interventions against school bullying.