The Impact of Different Gastrointestinal Reconstruction Techniques on Gut Microbiota After Gastric Cancer Surgery

Gastric cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in the digestive tract, with high incidence and mortality rates. In the clinical treatment of gastric cancer, radical surgery is considered the most effective treatment intervention, and gastrointestinal reconstruction is an essential procedure in clinical treatment. This study aims to explore the impact of double tract reconstruction (DTR) and Roux-en-Y gastrointestinal reconstruction (R-Y) on the gut microbiota of gastric cancer patients and their potential role in postoperative recovery and long-term health. Through random sampling, patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery at Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital were included in the study and randomly divided into the DTR group and the R-Y group. Both groups of patients received the same perioperative management. The study collected fecal and blood samples before and after surgery for 16S rRNA sequencing analysis and blood-related index analysis.The results showed that there was no significant difference in gut microbiota diversity between the two groups. Compared with the R-Y group, the analysis found that the DTR surgical method could significantly change the structure of the gut microbiota, affecting the types, quantities, and ratios of gut bacteria. For instance, after surgery, there was an enrichment of conditional pathogens related to postoperative infection, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus gallinarum, Porphyromonas somerae, and Citrobacter freundii. In addition, compared with the R-Y group, the postoperative DTR group had poor nutritional absorption ability, that is, the F/B ratio was low. The R-Y group showed a richer Bacteroidia and lower Proteobacteria abundance after surgery, as well as a higher F/B ratio. These findings provide new insights into the changes in the gut microbiota after gastric cancer surgery and may have important implications for postoperative recovery and long-term health management.