Data Foundations for Analyzing Electric Vehicle (EV) Battery-Charging System (BCS) and Battery-Swapping System (BSS)

China’s urgent pursuit of dual-carbon targets has accelerated electric vehicle (EV) adoption, yet conventional EV battery-charging strategy is increasingly recognized as exacerbating infrastructure scalability limitations, grid instability, and lifecycle resource inefficiencies. To address these challenges, a critical question is posed, i.e., can practical advanced EV operational strategies be identified to resolve these pressing issues while ensuring the spontaneous participation of stakeholders in advancing transportation sustainability? Here, the transformative potential of the innovative EV battery-swapping system (BSS) has been rigorously investigated. A comparative modeling framework was developed by integrating probabilistic Monte Carlo simulations with dynamic process analyses, enabling systematic comparisons of the conventional EV battery-charging system (BCS) and the innovative EV battery-swapping system (BSS) across heterogeneous electrification levels, infrastructure development status, EV operational patterns, and regional volatile charging prices. Systematic assessments have been conducted for the novel EV operational system on tailored strategic pricing, multi-stakeholder economics, grid load dynamics, and decarbonization pathways for transportation transitions across diverse regions in China. Results indicate that, by 2060, BSS not only enhances user convenience but also achieves a 40.04% reduction in nationwide carbon emissions equivalent from battery degradation, 52.56% cost savings for both users and operators, and 33.68–88.13% decrease in peak charging loads across China’s diverse regional power grids. These gains are attributed to rapid energy replenishment, improved revenue streams, centralized battery management, and grid-aligned charging optimization in the battery-swapping system. This research underscores BSS as a scalable and policy-relevant solution for transportation electrification by demonstrating the long-term techno-economic-environmental superiority over BCS, providing actionable insights for strategic pricing strategies, stakeholder collaboration, and standardized deployment to accelerate China’s dual-carbon objectives while offering a replicable blueprint for global sustainability.

The dataset contains the results from EV system modeling for both the EV battery-charging system (BCS) and the EV battery-swapping system (BSS), covering the techno-economic-environmental aspects from 2024 to 2060.