Overview of the used CT systems.

This study aims to evaluate the measurement accuracy of computed tomography (CT) systems, focusing on the necessity of using calibration phantoms for enhanced precision. Both clinical CT and micro-CT systems were evaluated using a specially designed two-ball phantom, which provides a reliable reference for spatial resolution and geometric accuracy. The study involved scanning the phantom with two micro-CT devices (the oversize micro-CT SkyScan 1173 and the high-resolution micro-CT SkyScan 1272) and a clinical CT device, a third-generation dual-source CT scanner (SOMATOM Force), measuring the distance between the centres of two ruby balls. The results showed significant differences in measurement accuracy between the devices. The high-resolution micro-CT provided the most consistent measurements with minimal variance, indicating its superiority in applications requiring high precision. In contrast, the oversize micro-CT exhibited larger errors, particularly at smaller voxel sizes, suggesting that internal calibration affected its accuracy. The dual source CT system had the smallest mean error but a larger standard deviation, indicating less consistency compared to micro-CT systems. Calibration with the two-ball phantom improved measurement accuracy across all devices. This improvement underscores the importance of using calibration phantoms to ensure accurate measurements, especially in fields that require high precision, such as clinical diagnostics and materials science. We concluded that routine calibration with phantoms is essential to achieve high measurement accuracy in CT imaging, thereby increasing the reliability of CT-based analyses in various disciplines.