gr = 0.1, gθ = 2, and gz = 1. Tissue softening is represented by decreasing the shear modulus μ or the fiber stiffness γ. When μ decreases (γ = 1000 Pa, the original fiber stiffness), thickness increa
Optimised control parameter values (positional and velocity gains and prediction time) for the reference case with no passive force and baseline scenario A as well as re-tuned control parameter values
Distraction osteogenesis is an effective method for generating large amounts of bone in situ for treating pathologies such as large bone defects or skeletal malformations, for instance leg-length disc
Dinosaur locomotion and biomechanics, especially of their pelvic girdles and hindlimbs, have been analyzed in numerous studies. However, detailed volumetric musculoskeletal models of their tails are r
