Supplementary Material for the Paper "The Spoonful Workday: Investigating Smartwatch-Supported Energy Management and its Reflections on Break Behavior"

Paper Abstract: Human energy is a scarce, fluctuating resource. Workday activities can drain or restore it, yet effects vary widely across individuals. Although within-day recovery (e.g., micro-breaks) is beneficial, existing tools often lack timely support for reflection and action, separate mental and physical energy, or rely on interaction modalities not always accessible during everyday work activities. We present Energy Mate, a smartwatch-first system that supports continuous, brief energy reflection, personalized activity-linked insights based on combining active self-reports with passive physiological sensing, and timely recovery suggestions during the workday.We evaluated Energy Mate in a three-week within-subjects field study with 20 participants. The system promoted more intentional break-taking and significantly improved measured energy, while perceived energy increased only slightly. We discuss design implications for smartwatch-based energy-management systems that support timely action and healthier, more sustainable work rhythms. Supplementary Material: Pre-Intervention Questionnaire Post-Intervention Questionnaire Semi-structured interview questions