Reaching reproduction in a large carnivore: Role of early environment and intrinsic traits

To reach reproduction, individuals must survive the juvenile stage, a critical period of low survival rates in large carnivores. Early-life conditions during this stage can have lasting effects on survival, reproductive maturation, growth, physiology, and behaviour. We assessed recruitment probability in Scandinavian wolves, i.e., the probability that a wolf to reaches the reproductive stage and has pups surviving at least five months of age. To unravel human-related and biological factors within the natal territory that could affect recruitment probability, we analysed life-history data from 582 Scandinavian wolves (Canis lupus) identified by DNA as pups or juveniles in their birth territory. Factors considered included main prey density, road density, human density, and proximity to non-breeding zones, as well as sex, inbreeding level and collaring. Among the 582 wolves analysed, 122 produced at least one surviving pup, corresponding to a recruitment probability of 0.21. Recruitment p..., , , Dataset: reaching_reproduction_frame.csv
File Format:

```
Name: reaching_reproduction_frame.csv
Type: CSV (Comma-Separated Values)
Delimiter: ,
```

Description:

The dataset reaching_reproduction_frame.csv contains the folowing information about individual wolves:

```
-Reproduction (categorical): Whether the individual reached reproduction (1 = Yes, 0 = No).
-Collared (categorical): Whether the individual was collared for tracking (Yes, No).
-Inbreeding (numeric): Inbreeding coefficient of the individual based on the pedigree.
-Sex (categorical): Sex of the individual (M = Male, F = Female).
-Human_density (numeric): Density of humans in the individual's natal territory in number of inhabitants per km2.
-Average_gravel_road (numeric): Average gravel road density in the natal territory in km per km2.
-Country (categorical): Birth country of the individual: location of the centroid of the natal territory (S = Sweden, N = Norway)
-Wolf_density (numeric): Number of bordering neighbouring...,