Biofouling Mitigation of Polyamide Reverse Osmosis Membranes using Polymer Grafting and Nanoparticle Coating in the Treatment of Municipal Secondary Effluent.

<br>This research investigates strategies to mitigate biofouling in polyamide (PA) thin-film composite reverse osmosis membranes used for municipal wastewater reuse. The study focuses on surface modification of RO membranes through graft polymerization and nanocomposite incorporation, specifically using DMAEMA, 3-allyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (ADMH), and TiO₂-Ag nanoparticles, to enhance membrane hydrophilicity, antimicrobial activity, and fouling resistance while maintaining salt rejection. The generated datasets include membrane and nanoparticle characterisation (SEM-EDS, CLSM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, contact angle measurements, and particle size distribution) and biofouling performance experiments evaluating bacterial adhesion, flux decline, and flux recovery using Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and municipal secondary effluent. These data support the evaluation of the structural, physicochemical, and antibacterial properties of modified membranes and their potential application in long-term wastewater treatment and water reuse systems.