Адаптація бобово-ризобіального комплексу рослин сої до використання мікробних препаратів

The effectiveness of using microbial preparations based on nodule bacteria in growing legumes in general and soybeans in particular is evidenced by the results of studies conducted in various regions of Ukraine. Thus, when inoculating crop seeds with active strains of rhizobia, a significant increase in plant productivity was noted, namely: soybeans – up to 15–23%, lupine – up to 13–19%, peas – up to 11–20%, as well as an increase in the green mass of clover and alfalfa by 12–25%. The research was conducted in field and laboratory conditions at the Department of Biology of Uman National University. Soybean seeds were inoculated with microbial preparations based on nodule bacteria before sowing. It was established that the use of pre-sowing inoculation of soybean seeds with microbial preparations based on nodule bacteria strains affected the change in the activity of the legumerhizobial complex of the crop and its nitrogenase activity. In the flowering phase of the crop, under the using of Rizoaktiv, the number of nodules per 1 plant increased compared to the control variant by 6,4 pcs, while when inoculating seeds with Nitrodar – by 8,7 pcs. In the case of bacterization of soybean seeds with the microbial preparation Rizolik LLI, an increase in the number of nodules per 1 plant was found compared to the control by 14,4 pcs. The largest number of nodules was observed with pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the preparation Preside CL. In this variant of the experiment, an increase in the number of nodules compared to the control by 18,0 pcs/ plant was noted, which also exceeded the value in the variant using the preparation Rizolik by 3,6 pcs/plant. Along with the increase in the number of nodules per plant, an increase in their mass was also observed. Among all the experimental variants, the largest mass of nodules was observed after seed bacterization with Rizolik LLI and Preside CL, which exceeded the indicators of the control variant by 0,239 and 0,263 g/plant, respectively. In these same variants, the highest nitrogen-fixing potential was also noted. The excess of nitrogenase activity, compared with the control, was 1678 and 1765 nmol ethylene/plant/hour, respectively. The results obtained indicate that pre-sowing inoculation of soybean seeds with microbial preparations based on nodule bacteria significantly improves the formation of the legumerhizobial complex. The most effective preparations were Preside CL and Rizolik LLI, which provided the maximum increase in the number and mass of nodules, as well as the highest nitrogenase activity. Obviously, this is due to the high initial concentration of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and active symbiotic interaction with the plant.