The Potsdam Soil Moisture Observatory: High-coverage reference observations at kilometer scale

The dataset comprises 16 permanent stations, each equipped with a CRNS sensor and co-located soil water profile probes as well as shallow point-scale soil moisture sensors. Additional data is available from two groundwater wells, meteorological stations, and additional datasets such as neutron spectrometer measurements, landuse, snow parameters (depth, density, areal cover), LiDAR and hyperspectral imagery, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), stable water isotopes and and extensive soil sampling complement the data set. The two-year record captured a wide range of hydro-meteorological conditions, including droughts, heavy rainfall and snow cover making it a valuable resource for advancing CRNS methodology and hydrological research. Monitoring at PoSMO is intended to be continued further, to finally be able to provide a three-years data set (as a future update to this data set).