SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF INTERPERSONAL CONFLICTS AND DYSFUNCTIONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Introduction: Modern educational institutions are not only places for knowledge transmission but also complex social systems where various social groups, interpersonal relationships, and psychological processes intersect. Interactions among teachers, students (or pupils), administration, and parents have a direct impact on the quality of education. Disruptions in these relationships can lead to conflicts and the emergence of an unhealthy psychological climate. Conflicts arising in educational institutions are often associated with communication breakdowns, role and status mismatches, feelings of injustice, stress, competition, and emotional strain. When such conditions persist over time, they may result in distrust, indifference, aggression, and a decline in psychological safety within the collective. The main objective of this study is to identify the socio-psychological factors underlying interpersonal conflicts and unhealthy psychological climates in educational institutions, as well as to analyze their impact on the educational process. Methods: In the course of the study, a number of theoretical and empirical methods based on a socio-psychological approach were employed .