Broadband Electrically Tunable Dielectric Resonators Using Metal–Insulator Transitions

Dielectric-resonator-based
nanophotonic devices show promise owing
to their low intrinsic losses, support of multipolar resonances, and
efficient operation in both reflection and transmission configurations.
A key challenge is to make such devices dynamically switchable, such
that optical behavior can be instantaneously reconfigured. In this
work we experimentally demonstrate large, broadband, and continuous
electrical tuning of reflection resonances in hybrid dielectric–VO2 devices. Our calculations, in strong agreement with experimental
reflectance measurements, also indicate the presence of large transmission
and absorption modulation. We additionally demonstrate independent
modulation of both reflection amplitude and phase at Fabry–Pérot
anti-nodes and nodes, respectively, a key requirement for metasurface
design. We conclude with a temporal characterization, in which we
achieve rapid electronic modulation rates of approximately 3 kHz,
substantially faster than other recent approaches. These findings
greatly expand the potential of designing nanophotonic devices that
exploit the tunable behavior of hybrid dielectric–VO2 resonators.