GREEN ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: NEW ECONOMIC MODELS OF THE 21ST CENTURY

This article examines the theoretical foundations and practical implementation of the green economy and sustainable development as emerging economic models of the 21st century. Based on international institutional reports and peer-reviewed academic research, the study analyzes the evolution of sustainability concepts, policy instruments, macroeconomic implications, and measurable outcomes of green transitions. The paper highlights the integration of environmental constraints into economic planning, the role of renewable energy expansion, circular economy practices, and sustainable finance mechanisms. Empirical data from global institutions demonstrate that investments in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and low-carbon technologies contribute to GDP growth, job creation, and emission reductions. The findings confirm that green economic models represent not only environmental necessity but also structural modernization of national economies.