FinScope 2009, Financial Inclusion - Zambia

Abstract
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The FinScope survey tool was developed by FinMark Trust as a nationally representative survey of consumer perceptions about financial services and issues. FinScope provides insights into how people source their income and manage their financial lives. It looks at the use of, and demand for, financial services as well as attitudes, vulnerability, coping behavior and consumption patterns. By exploring the use of informal as well as formal financial products, FinScope aims to create a picture of the role that the formal and informal sectors play in a country's financial market.

Geographic coverage
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National coverage

Analysis unit
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Individuals

Universe
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The survey covered all usual household residents age 16 and above in Zambia.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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Much like the previous survey in the series, the FinScope 2005 used a stratified, multi-stage cluster sampling approach. Stratification was done at the province and urban/rural level before cluster sampling was performed using enumerator areas as PSUs. The sampling frame for the survey was developed by the Zambian Central Statistical Office (CSO) based on the 2000 Zambian population census. The survey used three-stage stratified cluster sampling to create the sample population. Stratification was done at the province and urban/rural levels before cluster sampling was performed using enumerator areas as PSUs. 400 EAs were selected with probability proportional to size. Within each EA, 10 households were randomly selected. In the third stage, one eligible (aged 16 and above) member of the household was randomly selected using a Kish grid. Further details of the sampling methodology are provided in Annex 1 of the final report for the 2009 Zambian FinScope.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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A single questionnaire was used for the Zambian FinScope 2009. The questionnaire design phase included 14 focus group discussions and the facilitation of a stakeholder workshop in August 2009, which was attended by a broad cross-section of stakeholders within the financial sector.

These activities assisted in adapting the FinScope Zambia 2005 questionnaire to include notable developments that had taken place in Zambia’s financial sector and economy as a whole since the first survey was conducted, while at the same time allowing for comparisons with the 2005 data.

The revised questionnaire was translated into Zambia’s seven vernacular languages and included questions on the following topics:
• Household information and demographics
• Farming and fishing
• Income and expenditure
• Access to infrastructure
• Financial literacy and awareness
• Attitudes and perceptions towards finance
• Savings
• Borrowing
• Product penetration and banking
• Insurance
• Informal finance
• Remittances
• Psychographics

Cleaning operations
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Prior to data capture, a data entry programme was developed, tested and refined using the Census and Survey Processing (CSPro) software package. This process was carried out in close consultation with FinMark Trust to ensure that the survey indicator values could be calculated. Nine data operators and two data supervisors were trained to familiarize them with the data entry programme and also to facilitate their understanding of the questionnaire.

The completed questionnaires were checked before being captured. Data inputting was carried out from November to December 2009, after which the data was cleaned, weighted, validated and converted into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Following the submission of preliminary findings to the FSDP Secretariat by FinMark Trust, a second validation procedure was performed in January using additional population projections and other survey data. This resulted in slight adjustments to the weighting. Further information on the cleaning, weighting and validation process is available in Annex 2 of the 2009 Report.

DataFirst did some editing of the data before release. The original version of the Zambian FinScope 2009 had a large number of geographic variables, many of which ended up being excluded. Some were excluded because they weren't actually usable without a private codebook, others because they could potentially lead to identification of individuals in the dataset. The final set of geographic variables included were province, district, and an urban/rural binary variable.

The original datafile also contained a number of variables that detailed surveyor, supervisor, and visitation information. These were also excluded from the distributed datafile. Also excluded were variables used only for informing placement in the Kish grid.

摘要
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FinScope调查工具由FinMark Trust开发，是一项全国性代表性调查，旨在了解消费者对金融服务和问题的认知。FinScope揭示了人们获取收入和管理财务生活的途径。它考察了金融服务的使用和需求，以及态度、脆弱性、应对行为和消费模式。通过探讨非正式及正式金融产品的使用，FinScope旨在描绘正式和非正式部门在国家金融市场中所扮演的角色。
地理覆盖范围
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全国覆盖
分析单位
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个人
总体
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调查涵盖了赞比亚所有年龄在16岁以上的常住家庭居民。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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与系列中的先前调查类似，FinScope 2005采用了分层、多阶段聚类抽样方法。分层在省和城乡水平上进行，之后在调查员区域作为一级抽样单位（PSU）进行聚类抽样。调查的抽样框架由赞比亚中央统计局（CSO）根据2000年赞比亚人口普查制定。调查采用了三阶段分层聚类抽样来创建样本人口。在省和城乡水平上进行分层后，使用调查员区域作为PSU进行聚类抽样。400个EA按规模成比例的概率进行选择。在每个EA内，随机选择了10个家庭。在第三阶段，使用Kish网格随机选择一名符合条件（16岁及以上）的家庭成员。2009年赞比亚FinScope最终报告附件1中提供了抽样方法的详细内容。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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Zambian FinScope 2009使用了单一问卷。问卷设计阶段包括14次焦点小组讨论和在2009年8月举办的一个利益相关者研讨会，研讨会吸引了金融行业内各利益相关者的广泛参与。
这些活动有助于将FinScope Zambia 2005问卷调整为包括自首次调查以来赞比亚金融部门和整个经济领域发生的显著发展，同时允许与2005年的数据进行比较。
修订后的问卷被翻译成赞比亚的七种地方语言，并包含了以下主题的问题：
• 家庭信息和人口统计
• 农业和渔业
• 收入和支出
• 基础设施的可获取性
• 金融素养和意识
• 对金融的态度和认知
• 储蓄
• 借款
• 产品渗透和银行业务
• 保险
• 非正式金融
• 汇款
• 心理特征
数据清洗操作
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在数据录入之前，开发了数据录入程序，并使用人口普查和调查处理（CSPro）软件包进行测试和改进。此过程与FinMark Trust密切协商，以确保能够计算调查指标值。九名数据操作员和两名数据监督员接受了培训，以便使他们熟悉数据录入程序并促进他们对问卷的理解。
完成后的问卷在录入之前进行了检查。数据录入于2009年11月至12月进行，之后对数据进行清洗、加权、验证，并将其转换为社会科学统计软件（SPSS）格式。在FinMark Trust向FSDP秘书处提交初步发现后，于1月进行第二次验证程序，使用额外的人口预测和其他调查数据。这导致了权重的微小调整。有关数据清洗、加权验证过程的更多信息可在2009年报告附件2中找到。
DataFirst在发布数据之前对数据进行了一些编辑。原始版本的Zambian FinScope 2009包含大量地理变量，其中许多最终被排除。一些被排除，因为它们实际上无法在没有私人代码簿的情况下使用，另一些则可能潜在地导致数据集中个人的识别。最终包含的地理变量包括省份、地区和一个城乡二元变量。
原始数据文件还包含了一些详细说明调查员、监督员和访问信息的变量。这些也被排除在分发数据文件之外。还排除了仅用于通知Kish网格定位的变量。