Optimal Beamwidth Maximizing Uplink Coverage Probability

Satellite communication is proposed to fulfill the ubiquitous coverage for next-generation wireless networks. Considering the propagation delay and path loss, low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites are widely adopted. However, since the beam boresight directions become close in quasi-earth-fixed cells (QEFC) scenario at low elevation angles, the interference increases and causes low communication quality. This paper introduces the optimal beamwidth maximizing uplink coverage probability scheme for quasi-earth-fixed cells in LEO satellite communication systems. The proposed scheme dynamically adjusts the beamwidth to achieve max uplink coverage probability at different elevation angles. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme matches the exhaustive search method in different scenarios and target signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios. Furthermore, the proposed scheme significantly mitigates interference and improves the uplink coverage probability. Compared with the 3GPP setting, the proposed scheme improves the uplink coverage probability by 0.93 at time 100 seconds, and compared with the three-color frequency reuse, the proposed scheme improves the uplink coverage probability by 0.195 at time 100 seconds. The dynamic beamwidth and boresight direction adjustments enable the satellite to maintain seamless and reliable communication services across a wide range of operating conditions, ultimately realizing the goal of ubiquitous communications in the QEFC LEO satellite system.