Combined analysis of metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics to identify biomarkers for resistant hypertension

Resistant hypertension (RH) has emerged as a formidable challenge in the realm of hypertension prevention and treatment, owing to its potential for causing severe target organ damage. The identification of biomarkers assumes paramount significance in unraveling the pathogenesis of RH and facilitating early diagnosis and treatment. Despite the conduct of several single omics studies on RH, the intricate pathogenesis of this condition remains only partially understood. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics on healthy individuals, hypertensive patients, and those with RH. A variety of substances were screened, as potential diagnostic markers for RH. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway was identified as the pathogenic signaling pathway for RH. In conclusion, this study provides multi-omics analysis information to enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of RH and to explore potential diagnostic markers, providing new insights for the search for effective therapeutic targets. To screen for biomarkers of resistant hypertension, we performed transcriptomic analyses in patients with resistant hypertension (RH group), hypertensive patients (EH group), and healthy individuals (N group). We performed gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-seq of three groups. Comparative gene expression profiling analysis of RNA-seq data between RH and EH, RH and N.