National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB)

The National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) is a serially complete collection of meteorological and solar irradiance data sets for the United States and a growing list of international locations for 1998-2023. The NSRDB is updated annually and provides foundational information to support U.S. Department of Energy programs, research, industry and the general public. The NSRDB provides time-series data at 30-minute resolution of resource averaged over surface cells of 0.038 degrees in both latitude and longitude, or nominally 4 km in size. Additionally time series data at 5 minutes for the US and 10 minutes for North, Central and South America at 2 km resolution are produced from the next generation of GOES satellites and made available from 2019. The solar radiation values represent the resource available to solar energy systems. The data was created using cloud properties which are generated using the AVHRR Pathfinder Atmospheres-Extended (PATMOS-x) algorithms developed by the University of Wisconsin. Fast all-sky radiation model for solar applications (FARMS) in conjunction with the cloud properties, and aerosol optical depth (AOD) and precipitable water vapor (PWV) from ancillary source are used to estimate solar irradiance (GHI, DNI, and DHI). The Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) is computed for clear skies using the REST2 model. For cloud scenes identified by the cloud mask, FARMS is used to compute GHI and FARMS DNI is used to compute the Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI). The PATMOS-X model uses radiance images in visible and infrared channels from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) series of geostationary weather satellites. Ancillary variables needed to run REST2 and FARMS (e.g., aerosol optical depth, precipitable water vapor, and albedo) are derived from NASA's Modern Era-Retrospective Analysis (MERRA-2) dataset. Temperature and wind speed data are also derived from MERRA-2 and provided for use in NREL's System Advisor Model (SAM) to compute PV generation.

国家太阳能辐射数据库（National Solar Radiation Database, NSRDB）是一套时序连续完整的气象与太阳辐照数据集集合，覆盖美国及日益增多的国际站点，时间跨度为1998年至2023年。该数据库每年更新，可为美国能源部的相关项目、研究工作、产业应用以及普通公众提供基础支撑数据。NSRDB提供经纬度均为0.038度（标称尺寸约4公里）的地表网格单元内平均资源的30分钟分辨率时序数据。此外，基于新一代地球静止运行环境卫星（Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, GOES），还生成了针对美国本土的5分钟分辨率、北美、中美及南美地区的10分钟分辨率、空间分辨率为2公里的时序数据，相关数据自2019年起对外提供。该数据库中的太阳辐射数值代表可供太阳能系统利用的可再生资源。数据生成过程中使用了由威斯康星大学开发的AVHRR路径大气扩展（AVHRR Pathfinder Atmospheres-Extended, PATMOS-x）算法生成的云属性数据。同时结合太阳能应用全天空快速辐射模型（Fast all-sky radiation model for solar applications, FARMS），以及辅助来源的气溶胶光学厚度（aerosol optical depth, AOD）和可降水量（precipitable water vapor, PWV）数据，对太阳辐照度（总水平面辐照度GHI、直接法向辐照度DNI与漫射水平面辐照度DHI）进行估算。总水平面辐照度（Global Horizontal Irradiance, GHI）在晴朗天空场景下通过REST2模型计算得到；对于云掩码识别的云覆盖场景，则通过FARMS模型计算GHI，并基于FARMS输出的DNI结果计算直接法向辐照度DNI。PATMOS-x模型使用源自地球静止气象卫星GOES系列的可见光与红外通道辐射影像。运行REST2与FARMS所需的辅助变量（如气溶胶光学厚度、可降水量、反照率）均源自NASA的现代回顾性分析（Modern Era-Retrospective Analysis, MERRA-2）数据集。气温与风速数据同样源自MERRA-2数据集，可用于美国国家可再生能源实验室（National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL）的系统顾问模型（System Advisor Model, SAM）以计算光伏发电量。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

NSRDB是一个涵盖美国及部分国际地区1998-2023年气象和太阳辐射数据的数据库，提供高时空分辨率的资源数据，支持能源研究和应用。数据通过先进的模型和卫星数据生成，适用于太阳能系统的资源评估。