Analysis of the Projection Inequality of Absolute Proton and Electron Charges—— A Critique and Test of the "Charge Equality" Hypothesis Based on World Quantum Theory

Traditional physics accepts the "strict equality of the absolute values of proton and electron charges" as an established fact, based on indirect experiments such as the neutrality of the hydrogen atom, rather than a necessary derivation from fundamental principles. Within the framework of World Quantum Theory (WQT), this paper points out that charge is a projection of the world quantum energy Eq under the combined action of the environmental coupling factor x, the particle's rotational frequency fw, and the world factor (c/v)2. All charge measurements to date have used the electromagnetic environment of the electron (xe) as a calibration benchmark, forcibly mapping the proton's charge projection onto this benchmark. This is essentially a self-referential circular proof within the electron's environment, and does not constitute an independent measurement of the proton's charge eigenvalue. Protons and electrons have significant differences in the three projection parameters mentioned above (mass ratio ~1836, velocity ratio approximately several tens of times). There is no a priori necessity for their charge absolute values to be equal. This paper points out: the significant deviation in the proton radius measurement between muonic hydrogen and electronic hydrogen (approx. 0.877 fm vs. 0.842 fm) can be regarded as indirect evidence that probes of different masses (different fw) project different electromagnetic cross-sections of the proton. We further propose observing the drift of xe in high magnetic fields, deep space, and the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), and using existing data such as muonic hydrogen spectroscopy to verify the impact of changes in the projection cross-section on measurement results. Once it is confirmed that charge projection depends on the environmental cross-section and probe frequency, it means that "charge equality" is merely a local, apparent phenomenon within the Earth's electronic environment, not a universal law of nature. This would push the foundations of electromagnetism from "absolute constants" towards "dynamic projection," achieving a deeper unification with the concept of the "running coupling constant" in quantum field theory. Keywords: Charge equality; World Quantum Theory; projection cross-section; proton radius puzzle; running coupling constant