Characteristics of the study participants by sex.

Abbreviations: HDL-C: high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TG: total triglycerides; Glu: glucose; UA: uric acid; IMT: intima-media thickness; CCA: common carotid artery; BIF: bifurcation artery; ICA: internal carotid artery.Data are expressed as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.aStudent's t test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables.bSmoker was defined by having smoked greater than 5 packs during their lifetime and reporting smoked at the time of the interview.cDrinker was defined by having had wine 1 time(s) weekly for at least six consecutive months and reporting drinked at the time of the interview.dCarotid CCA, BIF, and ICA IMTs were taken as the mean value of the left and right CCA, BIF, and ICA IMTs.eCarotid atherosclerosis was defined as a CCA, BIF, and ICA IMT ≥1.00 mm.