Unveiling The Effects of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction in Managing Type 2 Diabetes Complications: Insights from Optimised HPLC-Fluorescence Method and Proteomic Analysis

This thesis addresses type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications, including kidney, nerve, and eye damage. Tocotrienols, a form of vitamin E found in palm oil, may help control blood sugar, lower cholesterol, and protect the kidney, nerves, and brain. However, measuring tocotrienols in blood is challenging, and their effects on the body’s proteins remain poorly understood. This research optimises a reliable method to measure tocotrienols and investigates their impact on proteins. These findings contribute to understanding how tocotrienols may support managing T2DM and its complications.