Progress in design and application of flexible radiative cooling materials

Radiative cooling refers to the process by which objects on Earth’s surface radiate heat to distant outer space through the atmospheric window (8–13 μm), thereby lowering their temperature. In recent years, the field of radiative cooling materials has experienced significant diversification, with key developments including micro-nano structured optical films, coating materials, fabrics, and biomass-based flexible materials. To address the practical demands of various applications, researches have shifted focus from rigid materials to flexible alternatives. This article reviews the balance between the optical properties and mechanical stability of radiative cooling materials with different structures, summarizes current research hotspots, and provides prospects for the future development of the radiative cooling field.