LAS RUTAS Y MÉTODOS UTILIZADOS EN EL TRÁFICO ILEGAL DE ARMAS Y MUNICIONES EN LAS FRONTERAS DE GUATEMALA

The illegal trafficking of arms and ammunition in Guatemala has persisted due to historical, social, and economic factors that weaken border controls and encourage the circulation of weaponry. This phenomenon is exacerbated by the porous borders with countries like Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador, and Belize, which facilitate the transit of arms. These weapons come from former military stockpiles or are acquired abroad and enter the country through traditional smuggling routes. The growing demand for weapons by criminal groups, such as drug trafficking organizations, worsens the situation, as they seek arms both to maintain territorial control and to confront state security forces. Differences in firearms legislation among countries in the region further complicate the situation, creating a lucrative cross-border market. Additionally, corruption within institutions responsible for border control contributes to the proliferation of criminal networks that operate with impunity. Despite local and international efforts to combat arms trafficking, the lack of interinstitutional coordination and the weakness of control mechanisms hinder the eradication of the problem. This has solidified Guatemala as a strategic hub for arms trafficking in Central America, negatively impacting the security of the country and the region.