Dietary Exposures and Interventions in the Prevention of Metabolic and Mental Disorders

Diabetes and mental disorders are major global health burdens, often co-occurring due to shared determinants such as poor diet, inactivity, and inadequate sleep, with inflammation and oxidative stress as common mechanisms. This PhD thesis examined dietary exposures and interventions in relation to type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and mental health outcomes. Cohort studies linked sweetened beverages and low-carbohydrate diets to higher T2DM risk, while cereal fibre and Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) improved metabolic outcomes. Systematic reviews and trials showed MedDiet and carnosine supplementation improved depressive symptoms and quality of life. Findings highlight diet’s role in preventing and managing metabolic and mental disorders.