Global Detached Structures Dataset (GDSD)

Here, the Global Detached Structures Dataset (GDSD) is presented. The Global Detached Structures Dataset (GDSD) is presented here as a curated compilation of 376 detached coastal structures from 10 countries worldwide. The dataset includes detailed geometric and hydrodynamic parameters, as well as shoreline response classifications, covering both natural (e.g., hedlands, reefs, islands) and human-made structures (emerged, low-crested, and submerged types). High-resolution orthophotographs, satellite imagery, and multiple digital elevation models (DEMs) form the basis for extracting structural, morphological, and hydrodynamic variables. Where necessary, these data are complemented by values reported in the scientific literature to ensure completeness and consistency. Specifically designed for machine learning applications, the GDSD facilitates the development and training of predictive models that aim to outperform traditional empirical approaches, enabling more accurate classification of detached structures and improved projections of their morphodynamical impacts on sandy coastlines across diverse geographic settings. The following table list describes the variables and parameters considered. Variable Description id Numeric identifier for each location (from 1 to 376) country The country where the beach is located loc_id Two-digit country codes (SP, KR, BR, JP, US, UK, DK, SG and IL). beach_name Local name of the beach or nearby zones (except Korea and Japan that are missing) lat Latitude of the pilot site (WGS84, EPSG:4326) lon Longitude of the pilot site (WGS84, EPSG:4326) elev_type Numeric index (1: Emerged; 2: Low-Crested and 3: Submerged) size_type Numeric index (1: Small; 2: Medium; 3: Large ad 4: Mega structures) orig_type Numeric index (1: Breakwater; 2: Reef or rocky outcrop; and 3: Headland or Island) resp_type Boolean index for the beach response (0 if a salient is formed 1 if a tombolo is formed) D Along-shore distance affected by the structure, in meters B The total length of the structure, in meters S Distance of structure center from original shoreline, in meters Y Distance of salient apex from original shoreline, in meters X Distance of salient apex from structure center (X = S-Y), in meters h Depth at structure, in meters Hs_50 The median of the Hs distribution (Hs₅₀), most frequent waves, in meters Tm (Hs_50) The associated mean wave period (Tm (Hs₅₀)), most frequent period, in seconds EMWD Energy‑weighted mean wave direction for each location, in degrees L Characteristic wavelength at local depth, in meters