PROSPECTOR_MarineCarbonateSystem_2019/20/21_FramStrait and Svalbard Fjords

The full set of marine carbonate parameters was collected in the surface waters of the eastern part of the Fram Strait (between 74°N - 81°N, and 0° - 20°E) and Svalbard fjords (Krossfjorden, Kongsfjorden, Isfjorden, and Horsund) during June/July 2019, 2020 and 2021. Water was collected at 2.5m depth using an underway pCO2 system installed on board the RV Oceania. The carbonate systems measurements consist of temperature, salinity, pH, pCO2, Total Alkalinity (TA), and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC); moreover, the partial pressure of Oxygen was measured (pO2). The temperature was measured at the inlet of the underway system using a SBE38, and, in the laboratories, temperature, and salinity were again measured using a SBE21 SeaCATthermoslinograph, both of them from Sea-Bird Scientific, Bellevue, Washington. Temperature and salinity data were collected every second. The water stream in the laboratory had three main outlets: the first one was connected to a bubble-type equilibrator equipped with an additional spray-type water diffuser, the second one to an automatic spectrophotometric system (CONTROS, 4H-JENA engineering GmbH), and the third one was designated to collect water samples. The pCO2 was measured using a cavity ring-down spectroscope (CRDS) G2101-i (Picarro), while pO2 was obtained using a Fibox 4 equipped with a dipping optode (PreSens GmbH, Germany). Both instruments were connected directly to the headspace of the equilibrator, collecting data every second. The pH was obtained from the spectrophotometric system with a resolution of 30 min. DIC and TA samples were collected in borosilicate bottles, preserved with HgCl2, and measured in different Oceanographical institutions (for more information on methods, see AguadoGonzalo et al., 2024, in prep.). pCO2 (µatm) data was average every minute with a precision/accuracy of 1.3 µatm, pO2 (% atmospheric saturation) was also average every minute with a precision of ±0.3% of the saturation values, pH (in total scale units) yielded a precision of 0.002 pH units and an accuracy of 0.003 pH units, TA and DIC (both in µmol Kg-1)had a combined precision/accuracy better than ± 3 µmol Kg-1 and ± 4 µmol Kg-1, respectively.