BackgroundSeveral previous animal and human studies have found a strong association between asthma and spermatozoa quality, but whether these associations are causal or due to bias remains to be eluci
BackgroundSeveral existing studies have shown a correlation between some of the blood and urine biomarkers and oral leukoplakia (OLK). However, the causality of this relationship remains uncertain. Th
BackgroundObservational studies have suggested an association between inflammatory markers and low back pain (LBP), but the causal relationship between these factors remains uncertain. MethodsWe condu
BackgroundPrevious studies have reported associations of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) with the risks of extraintestinal cancers, but the causality remains unclear. MethodsUsing gen
PurposeThe debate over the causal and longitudinal association between cystatin C and stroke in older adults persists. Our aim was to assess the link between cystatin C levels, both measured and genet
