Microbila communities obtained from honey and pollen samples Raw sequence reads

The use of antimicrobials in agricultural, veterinary and medical practice exerts selective pressure on environmental microbiota, promoting the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a global concern for One Health. Honeybees have been studied as bioindicators of AMR in the environment, but little is known about beehive products like honey and pollen. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of AMR genes (ARGs) in beehive products and investigated their origins. Altogether, our findings suggest that ARGs in honey and pollen might originate from the honeybee foraging environment, and that the beehive products can be used as bioindicators of the AMR environmental contamination.