MPST transfers sulfur atom from 3MPYR to form CysS248-MPST
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Hydrogen polysulfides (H<sub>2</sub>Sn, where n>=2) are also endogenously produced by 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST aka 3MST) directly from 3-mercaptopyruvate (3MPYR) generated by cysteine (aspartate) aminotransferase (GOT2) (Kimura et al. 2013, Kimura et al. 2015, Koike et al. 2017). Where n=2, the H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub> species is called hydrogen persulfide (aka disulfane). MPST can release either H<sub>2</sub>S or H<sub>2</sub>Sn depending on the interaction with thioredoxin. When there is strong interaction with thioredoxin, H<sub>2</sub>S is released. 3MST receives sulfur from 3MPYR to persulfurate (oxidise) cysteine-248 residue of its reaction centre.<br><br>H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub> is the dominant form produced with H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> detected at lower concentrations in cells or tissues. Up to H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>35</sub> may exist (Steudel 2003), but under physiological conditions, when n reaches 8, it forms a crown shape and precipitates. H<sub>2</sub>Sn activate transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels (Kimura et al. 2013), facilitate translocation of nuclear factor like-2 (NRF2) to the nucleus by modifying its binding partner kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) (Koike et al. 2013), regulates the activity of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) (Greiner et al. 2013), and reduces blood pressure by activating protein kinase G1a (Stubbert et al. 2014). Another persulfurated molecule, cysteine persulfide, which may be involved in the regulation of cellular redox homeostasis, is also produced by MPST (Kimura et al. 2017).
氢多硫化物(H₂Sn,其中n≥2)亦由3-巯基丙酮酸硫转移酶(MPST,亦称3MST)直接从由半胱氨酸(天冬氨酸)转氨酶(GOT2)生成的3-巯基丙酮酸(3MPYR)内源性地产生(Kimura等人,2013年,Kimura等人,2015年,Koike等人,2017年)。当n=2时,H₂S₂物种被称为过氧化氢(亦称二硫化烷)。MPST能够根据与硫氧还蛋白的相互作用释放H₂S或H₂Sn。当与硫氧还蛋白存在强烈相互作用时,会释放H₂S。3MST从3MPYR接收硫,以过硫化(氧化)其反应中心的半胱氨酸-248残基。<br><br>H₂S₂是细胞或组织中产生的优势形式,其中检测到较低浓度的H₂S₃。H₂S₃₅可能存在(Steudel,2003年),但在生理条件下,当n达到8时,它形成冠状结构并沉淀。H₂Sn激活瞬时受体电位锚蛋白1(TRPA1)通道(Kimura等人,2013年),通过修饰其结合伙伴Keap1样ECH相关蛋白1(KEAP1)促进核因子样-2(NRF2)向细胞核的转位(Koike等人,2013年),调节肿瘤抑制因子磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物(PTEN)的活性(Greiner等人,2013年),并通过激活蛋白激酶G1a降低血压(Stubbert等人,2014年)。另一种过硫化分子,半胱氨酸过硫化物,可能参与细胞氧化还原稳态的调节,也由MPST产生(Kimura等人,2017年)。
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