Data_Sheet_1_Sentence Comprehension in Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Study of the Application of the Brazilian Version of the Test for the Reception of Grammar (TROG2-Br).docx

Sentence-comprehension deficits have been described in patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA). However, most instruments to address this domain in more detail and in a clinical context have not been adapted and translated into several languages, posing limitations to clinical practice and cross-language research.ObjectivesThe study aimed to (1) test the applicability of the Brazilian version of the Test for Reception of Grammar (TROG2-Br) to detect morphosyntactic deficits in patients with PPA; (2) investigate the association between performance in the test and sociodemographic and clinical variables (age, years of formal education, and disease duration); (3) characterize the performance of individuals presenting with the three more common variants of PPA (non-fluent, semantic, and logopenic) and mixed PPA (PPA-Mx) and analyze whether TROG-2 may assist in the distinction of these clinical profiles.MethodsA total of 74 cognitively healthy participants and 34 individuals diagnosed with PPA were assessed with TROG2-Br. Overall scores (correct items, passed blocks), types, and categories of errors were analyzed.ResultsIn controls, block scores were significantly correlated with years of formal education (Spearman's r = 0.33, p = 004) but not with age. In PPA, age, education, and disease duration were not significantly associated with performance in the test. Controls presented a significantly higher performance on TROG2-Br compared to PPA individuals and their errors pattern pointed to mild general cognitive processing difficulties (attention, working memory). PPA error types pointed to processing and morphosyntactic deficits in nonfluent or agrammatic PPA, (PPA-NF/A), logopenic PPA (PPA-L), and PPA-Mx. The semantic PPA (PPA-S) subgroup was qualitatively more similar to controls (processing difficulties and lower percentage of morphosyntactic errors). TROG2-Br presented good internal consistency and concurrent validity.DiscussionOur results corroborate findings with TROG-2 in other populations. The performance of typical older adults with heterogeneous levels of education is discussed along with recommendations for clinical use of the test and future directions of research.

对原发性进行性失语（PPA）患者，其句意理解缺陷已有所描述。然而，大多数旨在更详细地处理该领域并在临床环境中应用的工具尚未被改编和翻译成多种语言，这限制了临床实践和跨语言研究。研究目标包括：（1）测试巴西版语法接受测试（TROG2-Br）在检测PPA患者形态句法缺陷方面的适用性；（2）探究测试表现与人口统计学和临床变量（年龄、正规教育年限和疾病持续时间）之间的关联；（3）描述出现PPA三种最常见变异（非流畅型、语义型和开放型）以及混合PPA（PPA-Mx）的个体表现，并分析TROG-2是否有助于区分这些临床特征。研究方法中，对74名认知健康参与者和34名被诊断为PPA的个体进行了TROG2-Br测试。分析了整体得分（正确项目、通过块）、错误类型和类别。结果显示，在对照组中，块得分与正规教育年限呈显著相关（Spearman's r = 0.33，p = 0.04），但与年龄无关。在PPA组中，年龄、教育和疾病持续时间与测试表现无显著关联。与对照组相比，对照组在TROG2-Br上的表现显著更高，其错误模式指向轻微的一般认知处理困难（注意力、工作记忆）。PPA错误类型指向非流畅型或失语症PPA（PPA-NF/A）、开放型PPA（PPA-L）和PPA-Mx的加工和形态句法缺陷。语义型PPA（PPA-S）亚组在定性上与对照者更为相似（处理困难和形态句法错误百分比较低）。TROG2-Br表现出良好的内部一致性和同时效度。讨论部分，我们的结果与TROG-2在其他人群中的研究结果相印证。讨论了具有异质教育水平的一般老年成人的表现，并就测试的临床应用和未来研究方向提出了建议。