Monitoring the dynamic changes of T lymphocyte subsets to assist in evaluating the recovery status of transplanted kidney function

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets levels in patients with different recovery periods after kidney transplantation.Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages and absolute counts of peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD8+CD28-T, and CD8+CD38+T lymphocyte subsets in patients with delayed recovery, functional stability, and postoperative infection, and we adopted repeated measures ANOVA to analyze the changes in these indicators at different stages.Results The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD8+CD28-T lymphocytes in patients with delayed recovery and stable function showed a temporal trend. During the postoperative period of 14 to 30 days, patients in the stable function group mainly showed an increase in CD4+T lymphocytes, while those in the delayed recovery group showed an increase in CD8+T lymphocytes. In addition, the percentage of CD8+CD28-T lymphocytes increased more significantly in the functionally stable group. In the monitoring of postoperative infection group patients, it was found that the levels of CD3+and CD4+T lymphocytes in the recipients decreased significantly, At the same time, the percentage of CD8+T lymphocytes increased during the infection period and continued until the later stage of infection recovery. The percentage of CD8+CD28- T lymphocytes steadily increased after transplantation in patients, but showed a downward trend during infection, with a significant increase at 60 days after kidney transplantation. The percentage of CD8+CD38+T lymphocytes increases significantly during the infection period and continues until infection recovery. However, there is a significant decrease at 60 days after kidney transplantation. Due to the low baseline lymphocyte count during the infection period, there is a phenomenon of asynchronous percentage and absolute count.Conclusion The dynamic changes of T lymphocyte subsets are not only influenced by individual recovery status and time, but also closely related to infection status. Following kidney transplantation, the focus should be on both short-term rejection prevention and maintaining long-term immune balance. Moreover, integrating the absolute count and percentage trends of T lymphocyte subsets with individualized medication plans to thoroughly assess the immune function of post-transplant patients and refine treatment strategies proves advantageous.