Trait values for invasive and non-invasive species at two nitrogen levels.

Trait abbreviations as in Table 1. Values are means ± standard errors. Different lower-case letters within rows denote significant differences (α = .05) from mixed-model, nested ANOVAs using “nitrogen level” and “invasive status” as fixed effects and “species” nested in “invasive status” as a random effect. Biomass allocation traits (top 4 rows) were analyzed as mixed-model nested ANCOVAs with final harvest biomass as a covariate.