Diversity and turnover of wild bee and ornamental plant assemblages in commercial plant nurseries

In human-modified landscapes, such as agricultural areas, understanding how habitat characteristics influence the diversity and composition of beneficial organisms is critical both to conservation efforts and to modeling ecosystem services. Assessing turnover, or changes in species identity across sites or through time, is crucial to determine how shifts in community composition relate to changes in ecosystem services. For pollinators like wild bees, factors affecting their diversity have been well studied, but variables influencing temporal turnover, particularly across seasons within a year, remain relatively poorly understood. To investigate how local and landscape characteristics correlate with bee diversity and turnover across seasons, we recorded wild bee and flowering ornamental plant assemblages at 13 plant nurseries in southern California between spring and autumn over two years. Nurseries cultivate a broad diversity of flowering plant species that differ widely across sites an..., Study sites and bee collection
We collected wild (non-Apis) bees at 13 wholesale or retail plant nurseries (each > 2 ha in area) in southern California, USA (Table S1, Fig. S1). We sampled each nursery from March 2016 – May 2018 once per season, except winter: once each in spring (March–May), summer (June–August), and autumn (September–November) (Table S2). We used two methods to collect bees. First, we deployed blue vane traps (SpringStar, Woodinville, WA) suspended from 1.2-m hooks in established sampling plots (see below) at a density of roughly one plot per hectare of nursery property (2-12 plots per nursery). We collected vane traps 72 h after deployment. Second, a single observer used a sweep net to collect bees visiting flowering plants in nurseries for 30-minute periods on each day we deployed and collected vane traps, spending no longer than 5 minutes collecting from a given plant species. Non-native honey bees, Apis mellifera, were abundant on many plants at these nurseries..., Descriptions of all sheets and variables in file are given in the first sheet (\"metadata\")., # Diversity and turnover of wild bee and ornamental plant assemblages in commercial plant nurseries

| sheet name | variable name | type of variable | possible values | description of variable |
| :--------------- | :------------ | :--------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| bees | year | factor | 2016...